Advancing Diplomacy in the Persian Gulf: Iran's Peace and Dialogue Initiatives
New York, in September, will host the "Assembly of Dialogue and Cooperation in the Persian Gulf," a pivotal event in Iran's foreign policy efforts. This initiative, proposed by the Islamic Republic of Iran, aims to establish a period of reconciliation and cooperation in the region, based on emerging variables after decades of tension and crisis escalation. While Iran has previously unveiled similar plans, the current regional dynamics, including de-escalation efforts, economic preferences, diplomatic solutions, and evolving political horizons, have created a new opportunity to promote and implement this idea. This article analyzes Iran's foreign policy approach, its peace and dialogue initiatives, and the significance of the upcoming assembly in New York.
Background of Iran's Foreign Policy Idea
Iran's pursuit of security and cooperation in the Persian Gulf region has a long history, marked by various proposed plans, including regional dialogue forums, the Hormuz peace plan, and collective security concepts. Resolution 598, approved in 1988, even called for regional parties to consider efforts to resolve disputes. Building upon these previous initiatives, Iran's current plan for dialogue and cooperation is structured across four levels.
First Level: Bilateral Relations
At the bilateral level, Iran seeks to restore diplomatic ties, reopen embassies and consulates, enhance economic relations, and promote tourism. By emphasizing the importance of re-establishing previous relations, Iran aims to lay the foundation for broader regional cooperation.
Second Level: Regional Relations
Iran intends to create a favorable atmosphere for cooperation and consensus at the regional level by strengthening bilateral relations. Resolving political crises in the Middle East, particularly in Syria and Yemen, and the need for a united front to address emerging challenges are crucial aspects that can garner support from other regional actors.
Third Level: Institution Building
The third level entails the establishment of a dialogue forum or regional organization that can address regional issues and dilemmas at a higher level, while also providing executive guarantees. This stage seeks to develop a comprehensive framework to foster dialogue and cooperation among participating states.
Fourth Level: Development of Collective Security
Iran's ultimate expectation is to develop new arrangements for collective security, similar to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. This regional organization would address security concerns and contribute to stability in the Persian Gulf, leading to lasting peace and cooperation.
Prerequisites for Success
To ensure the success of Iran's dialogue and cooperation plan, it is crucial to consider the four dimensions of opportunity, threat, strengths, and weaknesses. A realistic assessment of the region's changes is essential, distinguishing between significant transformations and temporary management of tensions. Understanding the limitations, considerations, and complexities of the regional context is vital to achieve the desired outcomes.
Additionally, addressing Saudi Arabia's negative perceptions of Iran's plans is a critical challenge. Overcoming cognitive biases and correcting misunderstandings are crucial steps toward shifting Saudi Arabia's perception of Iran from a threat to a potential partner. It is important to acknowledge that Iran-Saudi relations are inherently competitive, encompassing conflicts of interest. Therefore, the level of convergence and cooperation should be approached with caution.
Furthermore, the plan should be presented initially to Saudi Arabia for bilateral discussions and approval before sharing it with other members of the Cooperation Council. Gaining Riyadh's positive response can influence other Arab governments in the Persian Gulf to support the initiative. The plan should complement, rather than replace, the Cooperation Council, as this is a key prerequisite for success.
Lastly, the role of intervening variables, such as the presence of the United States and Israel's involvement in the region, must be considered. Building trust with the Cooperation Council is essential to reduce the influence of these variables and create a region free from external interference. Highlighting Iran's commitment to negotiation and dialogue, rather than seeking dominance.